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作者:双风英1, 2,高丽1
单位:1. 内蒙古自治区人民医院; 2. 内蒙古科技大学包头医学院
【摘要】不同病因的间质性肺疾病(interstitial lung disease,ILD)患者有共同的临床表现,包括呼吸困难、运动耐力下降、咳嗽和疲劳等。呼吸康复(pulmonary rehabilitation,PR)治疗可以减轻慢性呼吸系统疾病患者的症状,提高运动耐力,改善生活质量。但因时间成本、经济压力、交通环境等问题只有少数患者从该治疗中获益。目前呼吸康复治疗在慢性呼吸系统疾病包括ILD治疗中越来越受到重视。近年来,远程呼吸康复治疗登上了ILD非药物治疗的舞台。
间质性肺疾病(interstitial lung disease,ILD)是一组以肺泡壁、肺泡腔不同形式和程度的炎症和纤维化为病理基础,以进行性加重呼吸困难、弥漫性肺浸润影、气体交换障碍、限制性通气功能障碍及低氧血症为主要临床表现的异质性疾病群。研究显示ILD的患病率为8~60/10万人[1]。我国单中心观察性研究发现,在2000-2012年期间,每年因诊断ILD而住院的患者人数从2000年的43人大幅增加到2012年的732人;其在呼吸科和重症监护室的入院比例从2.8%上升至10.5%[2]。同期在其他国家也有类似的观察性研究数据显示ILD患者逐渐增多。ILD患者疾病负担重,在确诊为特发性肺纤维化(idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis,IPF)的第2年,IPF患者的年医疗费用高出与之年龄和性别相匹配的对照组2倍[3]。ILD注重多学科综合治疗,其药物治疗有限,呼吸康复等非药物治疗至关重要。ATS/ERS定义呼吸康复是通过运动训练、教育以及改变行为等方式,遵循患者个体化治疗原则,以改善慢性呼吸系统疾病患者的行为及心理状态为目的,长期坚持的一项促进健康行为的多学科参与的综合性干预措施。
一、远程呼吸康复治疗的概述
二、远程呼吸康复治疗在ILD中的应用
参考文献
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